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Nobel Laureate in Literature, 1986 Wole Soyinka was born in Abeokuta, Nigeria in 1934. He attended university at Ibadan and Leeds, in Britain, where he would received his Ph.D. in 1973. After two years as a dramaturge at the Royal Court Theatre, he returned to Nigeria, where he began to teach literature and theatre at a variety of universities and founded the theatre group "The 1960 Masks". In 1964 he founded the Orisun Theatre Company, with which he has also produced his own plays. In 1965 he published his first novel, The Interpreters , written in English. Soyinka was imprisoned from 1967 to 1969 during the civil war in Nigeria for writing an article in which he appealed for a cease-fire. His experience in solitary confinement is recorded in The Man Died: Prison Notes. In addition to his novels and essays, Soyinka is best known in Africa and the West for his plays and poetry. He has written more than twenty works and has adapted The Bacchae of Euripedes, Brecht's Threepenny Opera and Jenet's The Blacks to an African context. His collections of poems include Idanre and Other Poems, A Shuttle in the Crypt, Ogun Abibiman and Mandela's Earth and Other Poems. Soyinka has taught at many universities, including Yale, Cornell, Harvard, Sheffield and Cambridge and is a member of numerous international literary associations. He has received honours from around the world and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986. Persecuted and sentenced to death by the Nigerian dictator, General Sani Abacha, Soyinka is now living in the United States.

1995 Cultural fixations and unholy writs