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Nobel Laureate in Literature, 1990 Octavio Paz was born in Mexico City in 1914. He began to write at an early age and in 1937 participated in the Second International Congress of Anti-Fascist Writers in Valencia, Spain. On his return to Mexico in 1938, he became one of the founders and the editor of Taller, the journal that signalled the emergence of a new generation of Mexican writers. In 1943 he travelled to the United States and became immersed in Anglo-American Modernist poetry. Two years later he entered the Mexican diplomatic service and was sent to France, where he actively participated in the activities of the surrealist movement. In 1962 he was appointed ambassador to India, an important moment in his life and work. In 1968 he resigned his post in protest at the bloody suppression of student demonstrations in Mexico City. He later founded two important journals for the arts and politics: Plural (1971-1976) and Vuelta (since 1976). His work as a poet and essayist is driven by the belief that poetry constitutes "the secret religion of the modern age". His many volumes of verse, literary criticism and reflections on the cultural identity of his country include Early Poems, 1935-55 (New Directions), Collected Poems, 1957-1987 (Carcanet), two collections of poetry and the essays Labyrinth of Solitude (Penguin), Convergences (Bloomsbury) and Children of the Mire (Harvard University Press). In addition to English, his work has been translated into Italian, French, German, Czech, Polish, Portuguese, Japanese and many other languages. He received the Cervantes Award, the most important prize in the Spanish-speaking world, in 1981 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1990.

1995 The verbal compact