Allais, Maurice    Economics, 1988 Altman, Sidney   Chemistry, 1989 Arber, Werner    Medicine, 1978 Arrow, Kenneth J.    Economics, 1972 Baltimore, David    Medicine, 1975 Becker, Gary S.    Economics, 1992 Black, James W.    Medicine, 1988 Brown, Lester R. Buchanan, James M.    Economics, 1986 Charpak, Georges    Physics, 1992 Dahrendorf, Ralf Dausset, Jean    Medicine, 1980 Debreu, Gérard    Economics, 1983 de Duve, Christian    Medicine, 1974 Dulbecco, Renato    Medicine, 1975 Ernst, Richard R.    Chemistry, 1991 Esaki, Leo    Physics, 1973 Fo, Dario    Literature, 1997 Gell-Mann, Murray    Physics, 1969 Glashow, Sheldon Lee    Physics, 1979 Guillemin, Roger C.L.    Medicine, 1977 Hoffmann, Roald    Chemistry, 1981 Jacob, François    Medicine, 1965 Kindermans, Jean-Marie    Peace 1999 Klein, Lawrence R.    Economics, 1980 Kroto, Harold W.    Chemistry, 1996 Lederman, Leon M.    Physics, 1988 Lehn, Jean-Marie    Chemistry, 1987 Leontief, Wassily    Economics, 1973 Levi Montalcini, Rita    Medicine, 1986 Lown, Bernard    Peace, 1985 Marchetti, Cesare Modigliani, Franco    Economics, 1985 Molina, Mario J.    Chemistry, 1995 Müller, K. Alex    Physics, 1987 Mullis, Kary B.    Chemistry, 1993 Mundell, Robert A.    Economics, 1999 Murray, Joseph E.    Medicine, 1990 Nakicenovic, Nebojsa Nishi, Kazuhiko North, Douglass C.    Economics, 1993 Olah, Geoge A.    Chemistry, 1994 Pauli, Gunter Paz, Octavio    Literature, 1990 Penzias, Arno    Physics, 1978 Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo    Peace, 1980 Polanyi, John C.    Chemistry, 1986 Porter, George    Chemistry, 1967 Prigogine, Ilya    Chemistry, 1977 Richardson, Robert C.    Physics, 1996 Richter, Burton    Physics, 1976 Rifkin, Jeremy Rodbell, Martin    Medicine, 1994 Rohrer, Heinrich    Physics, 1986 Rota, Gian-Carlo Rotblat, Joseph    Peace, 1995 Rowland, F. Sherwood    Chemistry, 1995 Rubbia, Carlo    Physics, 1984 Sharpe, William F.    Economics, 1990 Skilbeck, Malcolm Soyinka, Wole    Literature, 1986 Steinberger, Jack    Physics, 1988 Ting, Samuel C.C.    Physics, 1976 Tobin, James    Economics, 1981 Touraine, Alain Walcott, Derek    Literature, 1992 Watson, James D.    Medicine, 1962 Weinberg, Steven    Physics, 1979 Wiesel, Elie    Peace, 1986 Zewail, Ahmed H.    Chemistry, 1999 Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Medicine, 1996

Nobel Laureate in Peace, 1985 Bernard Lown was born in Utena, Lithuania in 1921. He graduated from the University School of Maine and received his MD degree from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is Professor of Cardiology Emeritus at the Harvard School of Public Health and Senior Physician at Brigham and Womans's Hospital in Boston; he is in active practice at the Lown Cardiovascular Center in Brookline, Massachusetts. He is a pioneer in research on sudden cardiac death: he invented the defibrillator and the cardiovertor, and introduced the drug Lidocaine, used worldwide to control disturbances of the heartbeat. His recent work has focused on the role of psychological and behavioural factors in regulating the heart. Lown has an abiding interest in international cooperation. In 1974-1975 he presided over the USA-China Physicians Friendship Association, and he has coordinated several USA-USSR studies in cardiovascular disease. In 1988 Lown founded SatelLife, an international organization whose board of directors he chairs and which uses its communications system HealthNet - a network of satellites, ground stations and electronic mail - to serve the health communication needs of the developing world. Lown's most important initiatives have regarded the prevention of nuclear war. In June 1979 he wrote to a leading Soviet cardiologist, Evgeni Chazov, suggesting they form an international association of physicians for peace. International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) was established the following year and now has more than 200,000 members in 80 countries. In 1985 Lown and Chazov accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of IPPNW for its "considerable service to mankind by spreading authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare." Dr Lown is also the recipient of the George P. Kennan Award, the Ghandi Peace Prize and the first Cardinal Medeiros Peace Award.

1994 Narrowing the North-South divide in health through communication: a peace dividend of science