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Nobel Laureate in Medicine, 1974 Christian de Duve, born in 1917 in Thames-Ditton (Great Britain) from Belgian parents, embarked on his career as a researcher when he began his medical studies (1934-1941) at the Catholic University of Louvain where he was appointed Professor in 1947. Initially, he became involved in the physiology of endocrinology and rediscovered glucagon, the insulin antagonist hormone, and then became interested in metabolic biochemistry. From 1950, he devoted himself to subcellular biochemistry, a new field which he was to pioneer with Albert Claude and George Palade. He particularly concentrated on refining fractionation techniques to isolate the various subcellular compartments and to establish their corresponding contribution to the cell's economy. His work has led to the discovery of lysosomes and peroxysomes, intracellular organs containing enzymes essential to biochemical reactions. He divides his time between the Catholic University of Louvain and the Rockefeller Institute (now the Rockefeller University) where he was appointed Professor in 1962 and he is presently Professor of Biochemical Cytology Emeritus. Christian de Duve is steadfast in his pursuit of a twin objective: to gain a greater in-depth knowledge of fundamental biology and to apply the most recent discoveries to the improvement of man's well-being and health. When, in 1974, he was joint winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine with A. Claude and G. Palade, these concepts led him to found the International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology (ICP), which he headed until 1991 and where he is currently pursuing his investigations into the origins of life. Holder of a number of awards, he is a member of several of the most prestigious academic societies in the world. In 1989 he was raised to the rank of Viscount by the King of Belgium. Christian de Duve is also the author of widely praised essays such as A Guided Tour of the Living Cell (1984), The Blueprint of a Cell (1991), and Vital Dust: Life as a Cosmic Imperative (1995) which John Polanyi has thus summarized: "Obligatory reading for the living".

1996 Lessons of evolution