Allais, Maurice    Economics, 1988 Altman, Sidney   Chemistry, 1989 Arber, Werner    Medicine, 1978 Arrow, Kenneth J.    Economics, 1972 Baltimore, David    Medicine, 1975 Becker, Gary S.    Economics, 1992 Black, James W.    Medicine, 1988 Brown, Lester R. Buchanan, James M.    Economics, 1986 Charpak, Georges    Physics, 1992 Dahrendorf, Ralf Dausset, Jean    Medicine, 1980 Debreu, Gérard    Economics, 1983 de Duve, Christian    Medicine, 1974 Dulbecco, Renato    Medicine, 1975 Ernst, Richard R.    Chemistry, 1991 Esaki, Leo    Physics, 1973 Fo, Dario    Literature, 1997 Gell-Mann, Murray    Physics, 1969 Glashow, Sheldon Lee    Physics, 1979 Guillemin, Roger C.L.    Medicine, 1977 Hoffmann, Roald    Chemistry, 1981 Jacob, François    Medicine, 1965 Kindermans, Jean-Marie    Peace, 1999 Klein, Lawrence R.    Economics, 1980 Kroto, Harold W.    Chemistry, 1996 Lederman, Leon M.    Physics, 1988 Lehn, Jean-Marie    Chemistry, 1987 Leontief, Wassily    Economics, 1973 Levi Montalcini, Rita    Medicine, 1986 Lown, Bernard    Peace, 1985 Marchetti, Cesare Modigliani, Franco    Economics, 1985 Molina, Mario J.    Chemistry, 1995 Müller, K. Alex    Physics, 1987 Mullis, Kary B.    Chemistry, 1993 Mundell, Robert A.    Economics, 1999 Murray, Joseph E.    Medicine, 1990 Nakicenovic, Nebojsa Nishi, Kazuhiko North, Douglass C.    Economics, 1993 Olah, Geoge A.    Chemistry, 1994 Pauli, Gunter Paz, Octavio    Literature, 1990 Penzias, Arno    Physics, 1978 Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo    Peace, 1980 Polanyi, John C.    Chemistry, 1986 Porter, George    Chemistry, 1967 Prigogine, Ilya    Chemistry, 1977 Richardson, Robert C.    Physics, 1996 Richter, Burton    Physics, 1976 Rifkin, Jeremy Rodbell, Martin    Medicine, 1994 Rohrer, Heinrich    Physics, 1986 Rota, Gian-Carlo Rotblat, Joseph    Peace, 1995 Rowland, F. Sherwood    Chemistry, 1995 Rubbia, Carlo    Physics, 1984 Sharpe, William F.    Economics, 1990 Skilbeck, Malcolm Soyinka, Wole    Literature, 1986 Steinberger, Jack    Physics, 1988 Ting, Samuel C.C.    Physics, 1976 Tobin, James    Economics, 1981 Touraine, Alain Walcott, Derek    Literature, 1992 Watson, James D.    Medicine, 1962 Weinberg, Steven    Physics, 1979 Wiesel, Elie    Peace, 1986 Zewail, Ahmed H.    Chemistry, 1999 Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Medicine, 1996

Nobel Laureate in Medicine, 1975 David Baltimore was born in New York in 1938. In 1960, after receiving his Bachelor's Degree from Swarthmore College, he began graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before transferring to Rockefeller University in 1961, where he received the Ph.D.degree in biology in 1964. In 1968, after having worked at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Salk Institute, he returned to MIT as associate professor of microbiology. In 1973, he was appointed Research Professor of the American Cancer Society and the following year became the first director of the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1970, he discovered reverse transcriptase, the enzyme which enables cancer-inducing RNA viruses to replicate within the host organism. The results of his research made possible many of the current developments in biotechnology and contributed to understanding the causes of AIDS. In 1975, at the age of 37, Dr. Baltimore became one of the youngest recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing the prize with Howard Temin of the University of Wisconsin and Renato Dulbecco of the Salk Institute, for "discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell". Dr. Baltimore's more recent research concerns the biochemical events underlying changes in gene expression and gene structure in mammals. His interests range over three areas: cancer-inducing viruses, the immune system and infectious diseases, especially AIDS. After having held a variety of academic positions, in 1990 he became President of Rockefeller University, and resigned from that position in December 1991, remaining on the faculty as Professor of Biology. He is the former Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Scientist's Institute for Public Information and is currently a member of the Board of Governors of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Over the years, Dr. Baltimore has often been a spokesperson for science on many issues, such as priorities for research in the United States and matters of international concern such as biological warfare and the regulation of science.

1993 The global utility of biotechnology